Вот эти оба варианта не дают ошибок.
#include <math.h>
#define qwe1 (sin(10)*10)
#define qwe2 (sin(10)*10)
void main( void ) {
const unsigned char _sin1[] = { (unsigned char)(sin(10)*255),
(unsigned char)(sin(20)*255) };
const unsigned char _sin2[] = { (unsigned char)qwe1,
(unsigned char)qwe2 };
}